Difference between revisions of "SymmetricProjection"
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===Two subsystems=== | ===Two subsystems=== |
Revision as of 21:03, 20 November 2012
SymmetricProjection | |
Produces the projection onto the symmetric subspace | |
Other toolboxes required | opt_args PermutationOperator PermuteSystems sporth |
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SymmetricProjection is a function that computes the orthogonal projection onto the symmetric subspace of two or more subsystems. The output of this function is always a sparse matrix.
Syntax
- PS = SymmetricProjection(DIM)
- PS = SymmetricProjection(DIM,P)
- PS = SymmetricProjection(DIM,P,PARTIAL)
- PS = SymmetricProjection(DIM,P,PARTIAL,MODE)
Argument descriptions
- DIM: The dimension of each of the subsystems.
- P (optional, default 2): The number of subsystems.
- PARTIAL (optional, default 0): If PARTIAL = 1 then PS isn't the orthogonal projection itself, but rather a matrix whose columns form an orthonormal basis for the symmetric subspace (and hence PS*PS' is the orthogonal projection onto the symmetric subspace).
- MODE (optional, default -1): A flag that determines which of two algorithms is used to compute the symmetric projection. If MODE = -1 then this script chooses which algorithm it thinks will be faster based on the values of DIM and P. If you wish to force the script to use a specific one of the algorithms (not recommended!), they are as follows:
- MODE = 0: Computes the symmetric projection by explicitly constructing an orthonormal basis of the symmetric subspace. The details of how to construct such a basis can be found in [1]. This method is typically fast when DIM is small compared to P.
- MODE = 1: Computes the symmetric projection by averaging all P! permutation operators (in the sense of the PermutationOperator function). Because P! grows very quickly, this method is only practical when P is small.
Examples
Two subsystems
To compute the symmetric projection on two-qubit space, the following code suffices:
>> SymmetricProjection(2) ans = (1,1) 1.0000 (2,2) 0.5000 (3,2) 0.5000 (2,3) 0.5000 (3,3) 0.5000 (4,4) 1.0000
Note that the output of this function is always sparse. If you want a full matrix (not recommended for even moderately large DIM or P), you must explicitly convert it (as in the following example).
Two subsystems
To compute a matrix whose columns form an orthonormal basis for the symmetric subspace of three-qubit space, set PARTIAL = 1:
>> PS = full(SymmetricProjection(2,3,1)) PS = 1.0000 0 0 0 0 0 -0.5774 0 0 0 -0.5774 0 0 0 0 -0.5774 0 0 -0.5774 0 0 0 0 -0.5774 0 0 0 -0.5774 0 1.0000 0 0
Note that PS is an isometry from the symmetric subspace to the full three-qubit space. In other words, PS'*PS is the identity matrix and PS*PS' is the orthogonal projection onto the symmetric subspace, which we can verify as follows:
>> PS'*PS ans = 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 >> PS*PS' ans = 1.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0.3333 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0000
References
- ↑ John Watrous. Lecture 21: The quantum de Finetti theorem, Theory of Quantum Information Lecture Notes, 2008.